Retraction Policy

The Journal strictly adheres to the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) Retraction Guidelines. The purpose of retraction is to correct the scientific record and ensure public trust in published research.

1. Grounds for Retraction

A manuscript may be retracted if:

  • Results are based on clear evidence of misconduct (data fabrication, image manipulation) or honest error (miscalculation, experimental error).

  • The text contains significant portions of unoriginal material or infringes on third-party intellectual property.

  • Findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification.

  • Evidence of ethical breaches or lack of required institutional approvals.

  • Publication was based on a manipulated or compromised peer-review process.

  •  Failure to disclose a significant conflict of interest that could influence the evaluation of the work.

2. Retraction Procedure

We use the EASE Retraction Form for the withdrawal procedure.

  1. Retraction requests may be submitted by editors, authors, or readers.

  2.  The editorial board conducts a thorough investigation. 

  3.  Once confirmed, a formal retraction notice is published on the journal's website.

  4.  The original PDF file remains available on the website to maintain the scholarly record, but a clear "RETRACTED" watermark is applied to every page.

3. Expression of Concern

The editors may issue an "Expression of Concern" if:

  • There is evidence of misconduct, but the investigation by the authors' institution is ongoing or non-existent.

  • The findings appear unreliable, but a definitive conclusion cannot be reached immediately due to ongoing inquiry.